2009ǯ07·î27Æü
¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Î»ÈÍÑ´¶¡©
Çß±«³«¤±¤Æ²ÆËÜÈ֤ΤϤº¤À¤±¤ì¤É¤â¡¢¤Ê¤«¤Ê¤«½ë¤¯¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤º£Ç¯¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢»Ò¶¡¤¿¤Á¤¬²ÆµÙ¤ß¤ËÆþ¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ë²Æ¤È¤¤¤¦µ¤¤¬¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£¤È¤Ï¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤â²ÆËÜÈÖ¡¢ºÆ¤Ó¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò¸¡¾Ú¤¹¤ë¡£
¡Ö¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤ÎÊÝÎäÎϤ¬Ä¹»ý¤Á¤·¤¿¤Ê¡Á¡×¤È´¶¤¸¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤¤¤í¤¤¤í¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¯¥¿¡¼¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤ë¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï·è¤·¤Æ¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼ËÜÂΤΡÖÊÝÎäÀǽ¡×¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï̵¤¯¡¢³«¤±ÊĤá¤Î²ó¿ô¤ä¡¢³°µ¤²¹¡¢ÅêÆþ¤·¤¿É¹²ô¤ÎÂ礤µ¤¬´Ø·¸¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤âËÜÂΤÎÀ½ÉÊÀǽ¤ä¡¢³°µ¤²¹¡¢ÅêÆþ¤¹¤ëɹ¤ÎÂ礤µ¤Ê¤É¤¬Â礤¯±Æ¶Á¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢¡Ö³«¤±ÊĤá¡×¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤¤¤É¤ì¤¯¤é¤¤±Æ¶Á¤¹¤ë¤Î¤«¤Ï¤è¤¯¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
¿ôǯÍøÍѤ·¤¿¥Û¡¼¥à¥»¥ó(HC)¥¿¡¼¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤ËÅà¤Ã¤¿¿©ºà¤ä°û¤ßʪ¤ò¤®¤Ã¤·¤êµÍ¤á¤¿¤Ë¤â¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¡¢Í¼Êý¤Ë¤Ï´°Á´¤Ë²ò¤±¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¡¢¤¬¤Ã¤«¤ê¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ë¡£
¤½¤Î¡¢HC¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤Ï¹ØÆþ»þ¤è¤ê¤âÌÀ¤é¤«¤ËÀǽ¤¬°¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤è¤¦¤Êµ¤¤¬¤¹¤ë¤·¡¢²Æ¾ì¤Î»ÈÍÑÃæ¤ÏɽÌ̤˷ëϪ¤·¤Þ¤¯¤ê¤ÇÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ëµ¡Ç½¤ò²Ì¤¿¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤ÍͻҤÀ¤Ã¤¿¡£
¤³¤ì¤ÏÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼ËÜÂΤÎÊÝÎäÀǽ¤¬°ìÄê¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Þ¤Ç㤷¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾Úµò¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢ÌäÂê³°¡£
¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÆüÃæ°ìÅ٤Ⳬ¤±¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¥³¡¼¥ë¥Þ¥ó¤Î¥Ý¥ê¥é¥¤¥È¤¬Í¼Êý¡¢»×¤¤¤Î³°¤ËÎ䤨¤Æ¤¤¤¿»ö¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£¤½¤Î¤È¤¤Ë¤Ï³«¤±¤Ê¤¤¤È¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤Ã¤ÆĹ»ý¤Á¤¹¤ë¤ó¤À¤Ê¤È´¶¿´¤·¤¿¡£
µÕ¤Ë³«¤±ÊĤ᤬¿¤¤¤È¡Ö¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤³¤ó¤Ê¤Ë²ò¤±¤Á¤ã¤¦¤ó¤À¤í¤¦¡×¤Ã¤Æ¤Û¤É¤ËͼÊý¤Ë¤ÏÁ´¤¯É¹¤¬Ìµ¤¤Íͤʻö¤â¤¢¤ë¡£
¤ä¤Ã¤Ñ¤ê³«¤±ÊĤ᤬¿¤¤¤È¤¹¤°¤ËÂÌÌܤÀ¤Ê¡Á¤Ê¤ó¤Æ»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£¤±¤É¡¢ÂԤƤ衩¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼³«¤±ÊĤᤷ¤¿¤Ã¤ÆÆþ¤ìÂؤï¤ë¤Î¤Ï10L¡Á20L¤Î¶õµ¤¡£¤¿¤«¤¬¤·¤ì¤Æ¤ë¤ó¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤«¡©
<¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤òÉÑÈˤ˳«¤±¤ë¤ÈÊÝÎä»þ´Ö¤¬Ã»¤¤>Àâ¤Î¸¡¾Ú
¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤È´ù¾å¤Î·×»»¤ò¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë¡£
¤½¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¡¢¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤ÎÊÝÎä͸úÈϰϤδð½à¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¡£
¡Ö¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼Æâ¤Ç¤ÏÍϤ±¤¿¿å¤â²¹ÅÙ¤¬10Å٤ˤʤë¤Þ¤ÇÊÝÎäºÞ¤È¤·¤Æ͸ú¤È¤¹¤ë¡×
¢¨¤³¤¦¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤êº£¸å¤Î·×»»¤¬¤·¤ä¤¹¤¤°Ù¡£
51L¤Î¥¹¥Á¡¼¥ë¥Ù¥ë¥È¤Ë¥Ú¥Ã¥È¥Ü¥È¥ë¤Îɹ¤ò4ËÜ x 2L = 8L¤òÅêÆþ¤·¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¡£¤¢¤È¤Ï¥Ó¡¼¥ë¤ä°û¤ßʪ¤Ç350cc x 30ËÜ = 10.5L¡¢¿©ºàÅù¤ò 5LÄøÅÙÅêÆþ¤·¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¡£
¤¹¤ë¤È»Ä¤ê¤Î¶õµ¤Î̤Ï51 - 8 - 10 - 5 = 28L
¤³¤¦¤·¤Æ¹Í¤¨¤ë¤È¡¢¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ÏµÍ¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤Æ°Õ³°¤È¶õµ¤¤¬¤¤¤Ã¤Ñ¤¤¤Ê¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤
¤³¤Î¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ÎÃæ¿È¤Ï5Å٤ǰÂÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ëʪ¤È¤·¡¢³°µ¤²¹30Å٤ξì½ê°ìÅ٤dz«¤±¤Æ¡¢28L¤Î¶õµ¤¤¬¤½¤Ã¤¯¤êÆþ¤ìÂؤï¤Ã¤¿¤È¹Í¤¨¤ë¡£
¤Õ¤¿¤¿¤Ó¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤òÊĤá¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î28L,30Å٤ζõµ¤¤ò5ÅÙËø²¼¤²¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤ì¤¯¤é¤¤¤Î¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤¬É¬Íפˤʤë¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤«¹Í¤¨¤ë¡£
¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢Íý²Ê¤ÎÊÙ¶¯¤Ç¤¹¡£
¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤Î·ä´Ö¤ÎÍÆÀѤÏ28L = 28,000cm3¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤ÎÃæ¤Î¶õµ¤¤ò30.0¡î¤«¤é5.0¡î¤ËÎä¤ä¤¹¤Î¤ËɬÍפÊÇ®Î̤Ϥ¤¤¯¤é¤«¡£¤¿¤À¤·¶õµ¤¤ÎÌ©ÅÙ¤ò1.24¡ß10-3g/cm3, Äê°µÈæÇ®cV¤ò1.006J/gK¤È¤¹¤ë¡£(ËÜÍèÄêÀÑÈæÇ®¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¤¬¾Êά)
¤Þ¤º¶õµ¤¤Î¼ÁÎ̤Ï(Ì©ÅÙxÂÎÀÑ)
1.24¡ß10-3g/cm3 x 28,000cm3 = 34.7g ¢¨·ë¹½½Å¤¤
ɬÍפÊÇ®Î̤Ï(ÈæÇ®x¼ÁÎÌx²¹ÅÙº¹)
1.006J/gK x 34.7g x (30K-5K) = 860J
¤µ¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î»Å»öÎ̤¬¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤¤¤É¤ì¤Û¤É¤Îʪ¤«²ò¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤³¤Î¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤Ï¤É¤ì¤À¤±É¹¤òÍϤ«¤¹¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤ë¤«·×»»¤·¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦¡£
¿å¤ÎÍ»²òÇ®¤Ï79.7Cal/g =334J/g ¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢
860J / 334J/g = 2.6g
¡Ö¤Ä¤Þ¤ê°ì²ó¤Î³«¤±ÊĤá¤Ç¿ÊÆþ¤¹¤ë¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤ÏÌóɹ2.6g¤òÍϤ«¤¹¡×
»ö¤¬²ò¤Ã¤¿¡£
¤Ê¤ó¤À¡¢¤¿¤Ã¤¿¤Î2.6g¤·¤«ÍϤ«¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤«¡Á¡£¤¸¤ã¤¢¡¢10²ó³«¤±¤Æ¤â26g¤·¤«É¹¤Ø¤Î±Æ¶Á¤Ï̵¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¤Ç¤âÂδ¶Åª¤Ë¤Ï¤â¤Ã¤È²ò¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¤¤¬¤¹¤ë¤ó¤À¤±¤ì¤É¤â¡¢¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤À¤í¤¦¡©
¤µ¤é¤Ëµ¿Ìä¤Ï¿¼¤Þ¤ë
<³«¤±¤¿½Ö´Ö¤ËÃæ¿È¤¬ÍϤ±¤Æ¤¤¤ë> Àâ¤Î¸¡¾Ú
¤â¤·¤«¤·¤¿¤é¡¢¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤Î¤Õ¤¿¤ò³«¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë´Ö¡¢ÃȤ«¤¤¶õµ¤¤ØÎäÇ®¤¬ÅÁ¤ï¤ê°ìµ¤¤Ë²ò¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤Èµ¿¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤¿¡£
¤½¤¦¤¤¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢´ØÏ¢¤·¤½¤¦¤Ê¤Î¤Ï¡ÖÇ®ÅÁƳΨ¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢Êª¼Á¤ÎÇ®¤ÎÅÁ¤ï¤ê¤ä¤¹¤µ¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤ëʪ¡£
¤·¤«¤·¡¢Ä´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤È¶õµ¤¤ÎÇ®ÅÁƳΨ¤Ï[ 0.0241W/mk]¤ÈÈó¾ï¤Ë¾®¤µ¤¯¿å(0.58W/mk)¤ä¡¢Å´(83.5W/mk)¤ËÈæ¤Ù¤Æ¡¢Ìµ»ë¤Ç¤¤ë¤Û¤É¾®¤µ¤¤¡£¤½¤â¤½¤âÃÇÇ®ºà¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Û¤É¤À¤«¤é¤¢¤Þ¤êÇ®¤ÏÅÁ¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤ä¤Ï¤ê¤³¤ÎÀâ¤â¤¢¤Þ¤ê´Ø·¸¤Ê¤µ¤½¤¦¤À¡£
¤¸¤ã¤¢¡¢²¿¤«¤È»×¤Ã¤¿¤ó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢°ìÈÖµ¿¤ï¤·¤¤¤Î¤¬¡¢¡Ö³«¤±¤ë²ó¿ô¡×¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¡¢¡Ö½Ð¤·¤¿°û¤ßʪ¤ÎÎ̡פ˱ƶÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©
<Î䤿¤¤Êª¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹¤«¤éɹ¤¬ÍϤ±¤ë> Àâ¤Î¸¡¾Ú
¤¸¤ã¤¢¡¢¥Ó¡¼¥ë°ìËܤò¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤«¤é¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹ºÝ¤Ë¡¢¸º¾¯¤¹¤ë¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤òɹ¤ÎÂ礤µ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦¡£
¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤ÈÈè¤ì¤Æ¤¤¿¤¾¡¦¡¦¡¦¡£
¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥Ó¡¼¥ë1´Ì(350cc)¤Î»ý¤Ä¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤ò¤È¤é¤¨¤ë¤«¤¬Æñ¤·¤¤¤È¤³¤í¤À¤¬¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤¦¹Í¤¨¤è¤¦¡£
¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹350g¤Î¥Ó¡¼¥ë¤¬0Å٤ȹͤ¨¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Ó¡¼¥ë¤¬»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤¬¤É¤ì¤Û¤É¤ÎÊÝÎä¸ú²Ì¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤ë¡£
Àè¤ÎÄêµÁ¤Ç¡¢¡Ö¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹Æâ¤Î¿å¤â10Å٤ˤʤäƤ·¤Þ¤¨¤Ð¤â¤¦ÊÝÎäºÞ¤ÎÌòÌܤò²Ì¤¿¤µ¤Ê¤¤¡£¡×¤È¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢0Å٤Υӡ¼¥ë(¿å)¤¬10Å٤ˤʤë¤Þ¤Ç¤ËµÛ¼ý¤¹¤ë¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤ò·×»»¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë¡£
350g x (10K - 0K) x 4.2J/gK
=250 x 10 x 4.2 = 10,500J
¤³¤ì¤¬¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤«¤é¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿ÊÝÎ䥨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤ÎÊÝÎ䥨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤¬¤É¤ì¤À¤±¤Îɹ¤ÈƱÅù¤«¤ò·×»»¤¹¤ë¡£¡Ê¥Ó¡¼¥ë¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ëɹ¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¤¿¤é¤É¤ó¤ÊÂ礤µ¤Îɹ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤«¡Ë
¤³¤Î¡Ö 10,500J ¡×¤Î¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤òÊü½Ð¤¹¤ëɹ¤Î½Å¤µ¤òNg¤È¤¹¤ë¤È
ɹ¤ÎÍ»²òÇ®334J/g¤ò¹Íθ¤·¤Æ
10,500J = (334J/g x Ng) + (Ng x 10K x 4.2J/gK)
= Ng(334J/g + 42J/g)
= 376J x N
N = 28g
Àè¤Î2.6g¤È¹ç¤ï¤»¤ë¤ÈÌó30g¤Îɹ¤Î̵Â̤ʾÃÈñ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
<·ëÏÀ>
¡Ö¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤«¤éÎ䤨¤¿¥Ó¡¼¥ë¤ò1Ëܼè¤ê½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢Ìó30g¤Îɹ¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¤¿¤Î¤ÈƱÅù¤Î¥í¥¹¡×
Î㤨¤Ð¡¢ÆüÃæ°û¤ßʪ¤ò8²ó-8Ëܤȡ¢¿©ºà¤ò8²ó-2L¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¤È
383g + 41g = 424g
424g¤Îɹ¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£Åö½é¤ËÅêÆþ¤·¤¿É¹¤Ï8L = 8,000g¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤ª¤è¤½5%
¤ä¤Ã¤Ñ¤ê¤¿¤¤¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤Ê¤¤¤Ê¡Á¡£
<ÁíÏÀ>
¡Ö¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤ÎÉÑÈˤʳ«¤±ÊĤá¤Ë¤è¤ëÊÝÎä¸ú²Ì¸º¾¯¤ÎÄøÅ١פˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Ï·ë¶É¤è¤¯²ò¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤Ê¤ó¤«·×»»°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«¡©¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¹Íθ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¡©
¤½¤ì¤È¤â¡¢ËÜÅö¤Ë¤³¤ÎÄøÅ٤ʤΤ«¡©¡¡²ò¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£
¡Ö¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤ÎÊÝÎäÎϤ¬Ä¹»ý¤Á¤·¤¿¤Ê¡Á¡×¤È´¶¤¸¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤¤¤í¤¤¤í¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¯¥¿¡¼¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤ë¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï·è¤·¤Æ¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼ËÜÂΤΡÖÊÝÎäÀǽ¡×¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï̵¤¯¡¢³«¤±ÊĤá¤Î²ó¿ô¤ä¡¢³°µ¤²¹¡¢ÅêÆþ¤·¤¿É¹²ô¤ÎÂ礤µ¤¬´Ø·¸¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤âËÜÂΤÎÀ½ÉÊÀǽ¤ä¡¢³°µ¤²¹¡¢ÅêÆþ¤¹¤ëɹ¤ÎÂ礤µ¤Ê¤É¤¬Â礤¯±Æ¶Á¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢¡Ö³«¤±ÊĤá¡×¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤¤¤É¤ì¤¯¤é¤¤±Æ¶Á¤¹¤ë¤Î¤«¤Ï¤è¤¯¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
¿ôǯÍøÍѤ·¤¿¥Û¡¼¥à¥»¥ó(HC)¥¿¡¼¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤ËÅà¤Ã¤¿¿©ºà¤ä°û¤ßʪ¤ò¤®¤Ã¤·¤êµÍ¤á¤¿¤Ë¤â¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¡¢Í¼Êý¤Ë¤Ï´°Á´¤Ë²ò¤±¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¡¢¤¬¤Ã¤«¤ê¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ë¡£
¤½¤Î¡¢HC¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤Ï¹ØÆþ»þ¤è¤ê¤âÌÀ¤é¤«¤ËÀǽ¤¬°¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤è¤¦¤Êµ¤¤¬¤¹¤ë¤·¡¢²Æ¾ì¤Î»ÈÍÑÃæ¤ÏɽÌ̤˷ëϪ¤·¤Þ¤¯¤ê¤ÇÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ëµ¡Ç½¤ò²Ì¤¿¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤ÍͻҤÀ¤Ã¤¿¡£
¤³¤ì¤ÏÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼ËÜÂΤÎÊÝÎäÀǽ¤¬°ìÄê¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Þ¤Ç㤷¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾Úµò¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢ÌäÂê³°¡£
¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÆüÃæ°ìÅ٤Ⳬ¤±¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¥³¡¼¥ë¥Þ¥ó¤Î¥Ý¥ê¥é¥¤¥È¤¬Í¼Êý¡¢»×¤¤¤Î³°¤ËÎ䤨¤Æ¤¤¤¿»ö¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£¤½¤Î¤È¤¤Ë¤Ï³«¤±¤Ê¤¤¤È¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤Ã¤ÆĹ»ý¤Á¤¹¤ë¤ó¤À¤Ê¤È´¶¿´¤·¤¿¡£
µÕ¤Ë³«¤±ÊĤ᤬¿¤¤¤È¡Ö¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤³¤ó¤Ê¤Ë²ò¤±¤Á¤ã¤¦¤ó¤À¤í¤¦¡×¤Ã¤Æ¤Û¤É¤ËͼÊý¤Ë¤ÏÁ´¤¯É¹¤¬Ìµ¤¤Íͤʻö¤â¤¢¤ë¡£
¤ä¤Ã¤Ñ¤ê³«¤±ÊĤ᤬¿¤¤¤È¤¹¤°¤ËÂÌÌܤÀ¤Ê¡Á¤Ê¤ó¤Æ»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£¤±¤É¡¢ÂԤƤ衩¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼³«¤±ÊĤᤷ¤¿¤Ã¤ÆÆþ¤ìÂؤï¤ë¤Î¤Ï10L¡Á20L¤Î¶õµ¤¡£¤¿¤«¤¬¤·¤ì¤Æ¤ë¤ó¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤«¡©
<¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤òÉÑÈˤ˳«¤±¤ë¤ÈÊÝÎä»þ´Ö¤¬Ã»¤¤>Àâ¤Î¸¡¾Ú
¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤È´ù¾å¤Î·×»»¤ò¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë¡£
¤½¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¡¢¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤ÎÊÝÎä͸úÈϰϤδð½à¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¡£
¡Ö¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼Æâ¤Ç¤ÏÍϤ±¤¿¿å¤â²¹ÅÙ¤¬10Å٤ˤʤë¤Þ¤ÇÊÝÎäºÞ¤È¤·¤Æ͸ú¤È¤¹¤ë¡×
¢¨¤³¤¦¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤êº£¸å¤Î·×»»¤¬¤·¤ä¤¹¤¤°Ù¡£
51L¤Î¥¹¥Á¡¼¥ë¥Ù¥ë¥È¤Ë¥Ú¥Ã¥È¥Ü¥È¥ë¤Îɹ¤ò4ËÜ x 2L = 8L¤òÅêÆþ¤·¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¡£¤¢¤È¤Ï¥Ó¡¼¥ë¤ä°û¤ßʪ¤Ç350cc x 30ËÜ = 10.5L¡¢¿©ºàÅù¤ò 5LÄøÅÙÅêÆþ¤·¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¡£
¤¹¤ë¤È»Ä¤ê¤Î¶õµ¤Î̤Ï51 - 8 - 10 - 5 = 28L
¤³¤¦¤·¤Æ¹Í¤¨¤ë¤È¡¢¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ÏµÍ¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤Æ°Õ³°¤È¶õµ¤¤¬¤¤¤Ã¤Ñ¤¤¤Ê¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤
¤³¤Î¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ÎÃæ¿È¤Ï5Å٤ǰÂÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ëʪ¤È¤·¡¢³°µ¤²¹30Å٤ξì½ê°ìÅ٤dz«¤±¤Æ¡¢28L¤Î¶õµ¤¤¬¤½¤Ã¤¯¤êÆþ¤ìÂؤï¤Ã¤¿¤È¹Í¤¨¤ë¡£
¤Õ¤¿¤¿¤Ó¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤òÊĤá¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î28L,30Å٤ζõµ¤¤ò5ÅÙËø²¼¤²¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤ì¤¯¤é¤¤¤Î¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤¬É¬Íפˤʤë¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤«¹Í¤¨¤ë¡£
¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢Íý²Ê¤ÎÊÙ¶¯¤Ç¤¹¡£
¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤Î·ä´Ö¤ÎÍÆÀѤÏ28L = 28,000cm3¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤ÎÃæ¤Î¶õµ¤¤ò30.0¡î¤«¤é5.0¡î¤ËÎä¤ä¤¹¤Î¤ËɬÍפÊÇ®Î̤Ϥ¤¤¯¤é¤«¡£¤¿¤À¤·¶õµ¤¤ÎÌ©ÅÙ¤ò1.24¡ß10-3g/cm3, Äê°µÈæÇ®cV¤ò1.006J/gK¤È¤¹¤ë¡£(ËÜÍèÄêÀÑÈæÇ®¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¤¬¾Êά)
¤Þ¤º¶õµ¤¤Î¼ÁÎ̤Ï(Ì©ÅÙxÂÎÀÑ)
1.24¡ß10-3g/cm3 x 28,000cm3 = 34.7g ¢¨·ë¹½½Å¤¤
ɬÍפÊÇ®Î̤Ï(ÈæÇ®x¼ÁÎÌx²¹ÅÙº¹)
1.006J/gK x 34.7g x (30K-5K) = 860J
¤µ¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î»Å»öÎ̤¬¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤¤¤É¤ì¤Û¤É¤Îʪ¤«²ò¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤³¤Î¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤Ï¤É¤ì¤À¤±É¹¤òÍϤ«¤¹¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤ë¤«·×»»¤·¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦¡£
¿å¤ÎÍ»²òÇ®¤Ï79.7Cal/g =334J/g ¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢
860J / 334J/g = 2.6g
¡Ö¤Ä¤Þ¤ê°ì²ó¤Î³«¤±ÊĤá¤Ç¿ÊÆþ¤¹¤ë¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤ÏÌóɹ2.6g¤òÍϤ«¤¹¡×
»ö¤¬²ò¤Ã¤¿¡£
¤Ê¤ó¤À¡¢¤¿¤Ã¤¿¤Î2.6g¤·¤«ÍϤ«¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤«¡Á¡£¤¸¤ã¤¢¡¢10²ó³«¤±¤Æ¤â26g¤·¤«É¹¤Ø¤Î±Æ¶Á¤Ï̵¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¤Ç¤âÂδ¶Åª¤Ë¤Ï¤â¤Ã¤È²ò¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¤¤¬¤¹¤ë¤ó¤À¤±¤ì¤É¤â¡¢¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¤À¤í¤¦¡©
¤µ¤é¤Ëµ¿Ìä¤Ï¿¼¤Þ¤ë
<³«¤±¤¿½Ö´Ö¤ËÃæ¿È¤¬ÍϤ±¤Æ¤¤¤ë> Àâ¤Î¸¡¾Ú
¤â¤·¤«¤·¤¿¤é¡¢¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤Î¤Õ¤¿¤ò³«¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë´Ö¡¢ÃȤ«¤¤¶õµ¤¤ØÎäÇ®¤¬ÅÁ¤ï¤ê°ìµ¤¤Ë²ò¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤Èµ¿¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤¿¡£
¤½¤¦¤¤¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢´ØÏ¢¤·¤½¤¦¤Ê¤Î¤Ï¡ÖÇ®ÅÁƳΨ¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢Êª¼Á¤ÎÇ®¤ÎÅÁ¤ï¤ê¤ä¤¹¤µ¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤ëʪ¡£
¤·¤«¤·¡¢Ä´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤È¶õµ¤¤ÎÇ®ÅÁƳΨ¤Ï[ 0.0241W/mk]¤ÈÈó¾ï¤Ë¾®¤µ¤¯¿å(0.58W/mk)¤ä¡¢Å´(83.5W/mk)¤ËÈæ¤Ù¤Æ¡¢Ìµ»ë¤Ç¤¤ë¤Û¤É¾®¤µ¤¤¡£¤½¤â¤½¤âÃÇÇ®ºà¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Û¤É¤À¤«¤é¤¢¤Þ¤êÇ®¤ÏÅÁ¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤ä¤Ï¤ê¤³¤ÎÀâ¤â¤¢¤Þ¤ê´Ø·¸¤Ê¤µ¤½¤¦¤À¡£
¤¸¤ã¤¢¡¢²¿¤«¤È»×¤Ã¤¿¤ó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢°ìÈÖµ¿¤ï¤·¤¤¤Î¤¬¡¢¡Ö³«¤±¤ë²ó¿ô¡×¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¡¢¡Ö½Ð¤·¤¿°û¤ßʪ¤ÎÎ̡פ˱ƶÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©
<Î䤿¤¤Êª¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹¤«¤éɹ¤¬ÍϤ±¤ë> Àâ¤Î¸¡¾Ú
¤¸¤ã¤¢¡¢¥Ó¡¼¥ë°ìËܤò¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤«¤é¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹ºÝ¤Ë¡¢¸º¾¯¤¹¤ë¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤òɹ¤ÎÂ礤µ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦¡£
¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤ÈÈè¤ì¤Æ¤¤¿¤¾¡¦¡¦¡¦¡£
¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥Ó¡¼¥ë1´Ì(350cc)¤Î»ý¤Ä¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤ò¤È¤é¤¨¤ë¤«¤¬Æñ¤·¤¤¤È¤³¤í¤À¤¬¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤¦¹Í¤¨¤è¤¦¡£
¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹350g¤Î¥Ó¡¼¥ë¤¬0Å٤ȹͤ¨¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Ó¡¼¥ë¤¬»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤¬¤É¤ì¤Û¤É¤ÎÊÝÎä¸ú²Ì¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤ë¡£
Àè¤ÎÄêµÁ¤Ç¡¢¡Ö¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹Æâ¤Î¿å¤â10Å٤ˤʤäƤ·¤Þ¤¨¤Ð¤â¤¦ÊÝÎäºÞ¤ÎÌòÌܤò²Ì¤¿¤µ¤Ê¤¤¡£¡×¤È¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢0Å٤Υӡ¼¥ë(¿å)¤¬10Å٤ˤʤë¤Þ¤Ç¤ËµÛ¼ý¤¹¤ë¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤ò·×»»¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë¡£
350g x (10K - 0K) x 4.2J/gK
=250 x 10 x 4.2 = 10,500J
¤³¤ì¤¬¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤«¤é¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿ÊÝÎ䥨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤ÎÊÝÎ䥨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤¬¤É¤ì¤À¤±¤Îɹ¤ÈƱÅù¤«¤ò·×»»¤¹¤ë¡£¡Ê¥Ó¡¼¥ë¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ëɹ¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¤¿¤é¤É¤ó¤ÊÂ礤µ¤Îɹ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤«¡Ë
¤³¤Î¡Ö 10,500J ¡×¤Î¥¨¥Í¥ë¥®¡¼¤òÊü½Ð¤¹¤ëɹ¤Î½Å¤µ¤òNg¤È¤¹¤ë¤È
ɹ¤ÎÍ»²òÇ®334J/g¤ò¹Íθ¤·¤Æ
10,500J = (334J/g x Ng) + (Ng x 10K x 4.2J/gK)
= Ng(334J/g + 42J/g)
= 376J x N
N = 28g
Àè¤Î2.6g¤È¹ç¤ï¤»¤ë¤ÈÌó30g¤Îɹ¤Î̵Â̤ʾÃÈñ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
<·ëÏÀ>
¡Ö¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤«¤éÎ䤨¤¿¥Ó¡¼¥ë¤ò1Ëܼè¤ê½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢Ìó30g¤Îɹ¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¤¿¤Î¤ÈƱÅù¤Î¥í¥¹¡×
Î㤨¤Ð¡¢ÆüÃæ°û¤ßʪ¤ò8²ó-8Ëܤȡ¢¿©ºà¤ò8²ó-2L¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¤È
383g + 41g = 424g
424g¤Îɹ¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£Åö½é¤ËÅêÆþ¤·¤¿É¹¤Ï8L = 8,000g¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤ª¤è¤½5%
¤ä¤Ã¤Ñ¤ê¤¿¤¤¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤Ê¤¤¤Ê¡Á¡£
<ÁíÏÀ>
¡Ö¥¯¡¼¥é¡¼¤ÎÉÑÈˤʳ«¤±ÊĤá¤Ë¤è¤ëÊÝÎä¸ú²Ì¸º¾¯¤ÎÄøÅ١פˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Ï·ë¶É¤è¤¯²ò¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤Ê¤ó¤«·×»»°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«¡©¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¹Íθ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¡©
¤½¤ì¤È¤â¡¢ËÜÅö¤Ë¤³¤ÎÄøÅ٤ʤΤ«¡©¡¡²ò¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£